定语从句讲义.doc

定 语 从 句 定语从句也称为形容词性从句，它在句子中修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。定语从句由关系代词，关系副词来引导。关系代词，关系副词有三个作用：① 起到连接主从句的作用 ② 代替先行词 ③ 在定语从句中作成分。 定语从句分为两类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句。 ①限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是主句中的先行词不可缺少的定语，关系十分密切，不可用逗号与主句分开，译成汉语时通常把从句译在先行词之前。定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。 This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.这就是挽救了这个男孩生命的医生。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语） ②非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句只对主句中先行词作附加说明，关系不密切，如果省去从句，主句所表达的概念依然明确、完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句分开，不能用that连接。 Lei Feng, who served the people heart and soul, set a good example to all of us. 考点一 引导限制性定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which,（见下表）， 还有关系副词when, where, why. ①限制性定语从句所用的关系代词 指人 指物 是否可省略 主格（主语） 宾格（宾语） 所有格（定语） （表语） This is a book which tells about space rocket technology. I live in the house whose windows face south. Tom is not the boy that he used to be. 注意：指物时，“whose+名词”结构常可以用“the+名词+of which”或“of which +the +名词”结构来替换，并且意思相同。 I live in the house whose windows face south. = I live in the house the windows of which face south. = I live in the house of which the windows face south. ②关系副词where, when, why可以用来引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中作状语。这些副词可以替换成“介词+关系代词”。例如： The office where he works is on the second floor. The office in which he works is on the second floor.他的办公室就在三楼。 The days when the Chinese people were oppressed are gone forever. 中国人民受压迫的日子一去不复返 The days in which the Chinese people were oppressed are gone forever了。 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday. I don’t know the reason for which he didn’t come to school yesterday.我不知道他昨天不来上学的原因。 用适当的关系词填空： 1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house. 2. I’ll never forget the day________ we met each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family. 5. I’ll never forget the last day______ we spent together. 6. This is the school ______I used to