第五章 第四节 定语从句的译法.pptVIP

第五章 第四节 定语从句的译法英语中的定语从句是比较复杂的语言现象，与汉语的定语相比较，有两点相异之处：（1）汉语的定语比较简单，一般放在所修饰的名词前面，英语的定语从句则放在修饰事物的后面，一般比较长，是个完整的句子。 （2）汉语的定语一般是形容词修饰名词，而英语的定语从句分限定性和非限定性的，尤其是非限定性的定语从句，对所修饰的名词限定性并不强，有时兼有状语化的职能，不仅仅起定语作用，译时要根据汉语的表达习惯进行转换。 一、译成定语若定语从句与主句的关系比较密切，且在译成汉语时完全可以用“……的”结构来直接修饰主句有关的词，那么就没有必要将其与主句拆开，而直接译成定语即成。 1. In this course, the third world, where the largest part of world population live and where abundant natural resources still lie hidden must play its due role. 2. The time will surely come when the Chinese people will realize the four modernizations. 3. The (the Grand Canal) met a pressing need by linking the Yangtze Valley, which had become the economic center of the country, with the North, which remained the political center. 4. And then Gratiano, who loved to copy what his lord did, thought he must make a speech like Bassanio’s. 5. Our hope and vision was to forge a Sino-American relationship which would contribute to world peace and the welfare of our two people. 二、分句译法有些定语从句结构较复杂，虽说是语法上的定语从句，但在意义上独立性较强，和主句是两个并列句子。翻译时将此类定语从句单译成一个句子，置于主句之后。 1. He gave me a book which I kept to this day.2. We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged. 3. Relations between China and Denmark which dates back in January 1950 is friendly. 4. Kissinger and his small group of aids toured the Forbidden City, where the Chinese emperors once lived in lofty splendor. 5. The grammar school legally could only teach the classical subjects for which they had been founded. 三、压缩溶合法There be 句型中和谓语动词是be 的句子中所含的定语从句，一般与主语的关系比较密切，翻译时通常与主句溶合在一起译，往往可以把定语从句当成主体，译成谓语部分，把主句中的主语充当主语，从而把复合句融合成一个简单句。 1. There are events taking place at this time which dim our hopes and lessen the prospects.2. There has never been a man around me who wrote so many memos. 3. There used t be dozens of people who stood a long line for hours in order to buy some pork…4. We are people that are ready to support the cause of other na