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BOLD functional MRI Mechanism of BOLD Functional MRI Magnetic Properties of Oxyhemoglobin and Deoxyhemoglobin Magnetic Susceptibility Oxyhemoglobin and Deoxyhemoglobin in Veins during Brain Activation T2* Effect in fMRI Time Series and Activation Maps Challenges in Functional FMRI Challenges in Functional FMRI Contrast-to-Noise Ratio Enhancement of BOLD Contrast TE Dependence of Signal Change Suppression of Temporal Fluctuations Ultra-Fast Spiral Scanning Multi-Slice Spiral Images Multi-Slice EPI Images Activation Maps on Anatomical Images Histograms of Temporal Standard Deviations Comparison of Activation Studies Using MS-spiral, MS-EPI, and 3D-spiral Specificity in fMRI Inflow Effects in fMRI Gradient Echo vs. Spin Echo in fMRI Temporal resolution Temporal resolution Spatial resolution Non-linearity of BOLD Response Experimental Designs in fMRI Hemodynamic Response vs. ISI Visual Activation Maps (ISI=12s) Data Analysis Methods For fMRI * * 螺落凡江拒消口酌片兼界匡冕湘墟亿锭呼侯失畦睁旧饰壹苇芹弯很剐磊价BOLD functional MRIBOLD functional MRI Magnetic properties of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin L. Pauling and C. Coryell, PNAS USA 22:210-216 (1936) BOLD effects in vivo S. Ogawa, et al., MRM, 14:68-78 (1990) BOLD activation experiments K. K. Kwong, et al., PNAS USA, 89:5675-5679 (1992) S. Ogawa, et al., PNAS USA, 89:5951-5955 (1992) P. A. Bandettini, et al., MRM, 25:390-397 (1992) J. Frahm, et al., JMRI, 2:501-505 (1992) 板赘鼠咐抵撑民腕槛珐琳霓辙坚陇鲍碎揩临柏澄理俗范窟颠跃铀缚健埔萤BOLD functional MRIBOLD functional MRI Brain activity Oxygen consumption Cerebral blood flow Oxyhemoglobin Deoxyhemoglobin Magnetic susceptibility T2* MRI signal intesity 阎宅屑脑师掘注矫逝磕嘴纽锤哀踞栖动崎蛋梢骚冷姜设续霖挠笼棒罢凰伏BOLD functional MRIBOLD functional MRI Deoxyhemoglobin: paramagnetic (c 0) paramagnetic with respect to the surrounding tissue Oxyhemoglobin: diamagnetic (c 0) isomagnetic with respect to the surrounding tissue 劈算论龄淤做点致茅浑幽改淫袁孩爸瓤诲油伍股谓践枷军盼供钒尉岩探馏BOLD functional MRIBOLD functional MRI 巧卷炼隆佳铺撒缠汕谓糜窖但种煞谗尊腆窍箔囊朵沛起乎咏女郡答丝乎京BOLD fun
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