11情态动词.pptVIP

情态动词 情态动词（model verb）用来表示能力、允许、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。主要的情态动词有can （could），may （might），shall （should），will （would），must，ought to，need，dare等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后常跟不带to的不定式。 1. 情态动词的一般用法： (1)??? 表示能力: can, could, be able to He is over 80 but still can read without glasses. She couldnt come yesterday. He can’t come tomorrow. l?????? can/could 与be able to 用法比较 1）be able to 除有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时外，还可有现在完成时、不定式、动词-ing 形式等。 This is the information I’ve been able to get so far. To be able to ride a bike, she practiced a lot. Just being able to drive a horse, a cart isn’t much help to us. 2) could表示过去总的、经常性的能力；was/were able to 表示过去具体情况下具有的能力，并且做了某动作。 He could speak French, so he was able to show the French lady the way. 3) 表示将来的能力常用will be able to. When will you be able to take us to town? (2)??? 表示许可：can/could, may/might; can’t, may not, mustn’t, must not 1) 征询“许可”或给予“许可”可用can/could 或may/might 表示。May 用于正式场合，can 用于非正式场合，could 用于客气的询问，might 极少用。 You can go at four o’clock. Could I borrow your pen? Students may take 3 books each. Might I ask whether you are using the typewriter? 2) 表示“不允许”用 can’t, may not, mustn’t； must not 语气重。 You can’t leave the table unless you finish your meal. Put that cigarette out. You must not smoke near a petrol pump! 3) 表示过去“许可”不用could，might，要用其他表达方式。 We had been/were given permission to speak to the patient. 但在间接引语中表达过去“许可”，可用could，might。 The nurse said that we could/might speak to the patient for just a few minutes. (3)??? 表示可能性：may/might, can/could, must; can’t 1）may, might 用来推测现在“可能”；may比might表示的可能性大些。 Why isn’t John in class? He may/might be sick. ???? maybe是副词，不是情态动词。Maybe he is sick. 2) 在日常口语中常用can/could 表示“可能”。 You can/could walk for miles in the country without meeting anyone. Can the news be true? No, it can’t be true. 3) must表示可能性最大，“必定”；否定形式用can’t表示“肯定不”、“必定不会”。 You must be hungry after a long walk. The phone is ringing, but there is no answer. She can’t be at home. （4）表示必须和需要：must, have to, n