BGPTUTORIALICNPp.pptVIP

An Introduction to Interdomain Routing and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) ICNP PARIS November 12, 2002 Outline The Internet is implemented with a diverse set of physical networks Relationships between Autonomous Routing Domains (ARDs) BGP as a means of implementing and maintaining relationships between ARDs BGP as means of implementing local optimizations (“Traffic Engineering”) What Problem is BGP Solving anyway? Current Internet Growth Trends Selected References In Memory of Abha Ahuja PART I Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ) IIJ, Tokyo Telstra international WorldCom (UUNet) UUNet, Europe Sprint, USA GARR-B MIT.edu Network Interconnections Exchange Point Layer 2 or Layer 3 Private Circuit May be provided by a third party PART II Some Costs of Running an ISP People Physical connectivity and bandwidth Hardware Data center space and power … Ballpark Figures (In US $) Hardware for an OC192 Pop: about 3,000,000. Installation: 10,000 Power: 20,000/month OC192 link from NYC to D.C.: about 2,000,000/year Gigabit Ethernet IP connectivity For end user: 10,000/month For ISP: 30,000/month Customers and Providers The “Peering” Relationship Peering Provides Shortcuts Peering Wars Reduces upstream transit costs Can increase end-to-end performance May be the only way to connect your customers to some part of the Internet (“Tier 1”) You would rather have customers Peers are usually your competition Peering relationships may require periodic renegotiation Routing vs. Forwarding How Are Forwarding Tables Populated to implement Routing? Architecture of Dynamic Routing Topology information is flooded within the routing domain Best end-to-end paths are computed locally at each router. Best end-to-end paths determine next-hops. Based on minimizing some notion of distance Works only if policy is shared and uniform Examples: OSPF, IS-IS Each router knows little about network topology Only best next-hops are chosen by each router for each destination network. Best end-to-e