Ebola.pptVIP

Ebola The Deadly African Virus Presented by Claudia Hacker Ebola Virus Introduction First appeared in Africa 1976 “African Hemorrhagic Fever” acute,mostly fatal disease causes blood vessel “bursting” systemic (all organs/tissues) humans and nonhuman primates Excluding ‘2000 outbreak 1,500 cases over 1,000 deaths Ebola Taxonomy Scientific Classification Order: Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae Genus: Ebola like viruses Species: Ebola Subtypes Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan,Ebola-Ivory Coast disease in humans Ebola-Reston disease in nonhuman primates Filoviridae or “Filoviruses” Most mysterious virus group Pathogenesis poorly understood Ebola natural history/reservoirs unknown exist throughout the world endemic to Africa filamentous ssRNA- (antisense) viruses Ebola Pathogenesis Enters Bloodstream skin, membranes,open wounds Cell Level docks with cell membrane Viral RNA released into cytoplasm production new viral proteins/ genetic material New viral genomes rapidly coated in protein create cores Ebola Pathogenesis, cont Viral cores stack up in cell migrate to the cell surface produce trans-membrane proteins push through cell surface become enveloped by cell membrane ssRNA- Genome Mutations capable of rapid mutation very adaptable to evade host defenses and environmental change Theory virus evolved to occupy special niches in the wild Symptoms and Diagnostic Tests Early symptoms muscle aches, fever, vomiting red eyes, skin rash, diarrhea, stomach pain Acute symptoms bleeding/hemorrhaging from skin, orifices, internal organs Early Diagnosis very difficult signs symptoms very similar to other infections Laboratory Test PCR detection ELISA (enzyme-linked immuno-absorbant) assay Treatment No Standard Treatment available Patients receive supportive therapy treating complicating infections balancing patient’s fluids and electrolytes maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure Prevention No vaccines! Patients are isolated