ITSection.pptVIP

10 October, 2002 George Mason University Lecture #11 Finish chapter 13 Generations of cellular systems Satellite telephones Chapter 16 Radio-Frequency and Satellite Systems -Satellite systems -GPS Generations of Cellular Systems Generations of cellular systems include: AMPS 1st generation GSM 2nd generation W-CDMA 3rd generation Cellular systems operate based on various protocols, and use RF (radio frequency) waves that propagate through the air for transmission of information. These systems typically use the 800-900 MHz or 1800-1900 MHz frequency band of the radio spectrum. But what is the radio spectrum? The Radio Spectrum The Radio spectrum is composed of many frequency bands Communication systems have the liberty to transmit signals at various frequencies, and the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) regulates which frequencies to use Radio Spectrum Bands AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System The only system available in the United States until about 1997 The first system used for cellular telephony- is analog Uses the 800 MHz frequency band of the spectrum Is still being used widely - The number of subscribers began to decrease in 1999 due to migration to digital Utilizes FDMA (Frequency division multiple access) to separate users In FDMA, users are separated in frequency. i.e. mobile phones communicate at different frequencies than the others within each cell. The radio spectrum is shared among users GSM: Originally: “Group Special Mobile”, now: “Global System for Mobile Communications” Is the most popular system worldwide Originally developed in Europe Was later introduced into the United States Is a digital system for both voice and data transmission Uses the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands Utilizes TDMA (Time division multiple access) In TDMA, users are separated in time. i.e. mobile phones communicate in a different time slot than the others within each cell. Time is shared among the users