LearningandMemory.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chapter 7Learning and Memory 学习和记忆 I hate mobile phone rings during the class. Classroom Learning 每个小组围绕一个问题进行介绍，包括组织必要的活动，并进行总结。 ?第一组：关于记忆和学习的关系。讲解并组织讨论，25分钟。 ?第二组：用信息理论解释记忆过程，说明其中的关键环节和要素，以及他们之间的相互关系。以讲解为主。20分钟。 ?第三组：围绕记忆过程的理论提出讨论问题，组织讨论活动。25分钟。 ?第四组：比较预编码、编码和重新编码（再编码）三个概念。讲解并组织讨论。30分钟。 ?第五组：解释有意义学习的基本观点。组织同学讨论，用实际例子说明学生原有知识在学习中如何起作用。30分钟。 Relations between learning memory Memory: One important aspect of learning which deals with learning information, i.e. attending, pre-coding, selecting, coding and recoding, storing, outputting, etc.. 记忆：学习中涉及信息处理的一个重要方面，包括注意、预编码、选择、编码和再编码、储存、输出，等等。 Learning is not only a process to deal with information, but also a process of change of the learner in thinking logic and behaviour. 学习不仅仅是一个信息处理的过程，还包括了学习者思维逻辑和行为变化等等。 Three stages of information process in learning 学习过程中信息处理的三个阶段 The sensory register (function: selective attention) 感觉登记（感觉记忆）（作用：注意选择） Working memory (function: thinking) 工作记忆（作用：思考） Long-term memory(function:storage and recall) 长时记忆（作用：储存和回想） Three memory systems in processing input Precoding Consciousness Input from environment Selected input Plan Processed input Sensory register Working memory Long term memory Attending very quick scanning of input for importance (up to one second) Processing a more elaborate handling of material to ensure long term retention ( up to one minute) Storing input now Processed and Available for recall (up to a lifetime) 1. The Sensory Register感觉记录 The first stage in information processing; a brief (about1/4 to 1 second) period during which information is held and scanned. 是感觉刺激停止之后所保持的瞬间映像，它是信息处理的第一个阶段，大约有1/4秒到1秒，在这期进行信息扫描。 Sensory register depends on several factors such as the strength of the stimulus. 感觉记录取决于一些因素，诸如刺激的强度。 The function of sensory register is to sort input information into ‘important’/’reject’ categories. 感觉记录的作用是把输入的信息分为‘重要的’/‘可舍弃的’两类。 Important concepts related to sensor