PhysicalLayer.pptVIP

Transmission Medium, Technologies, and Encoding Schemes Transmission Medium Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Fiber Optic Radio Transmission Technologies Baseband Broadband Encoding Schemes Encoding Schemes RS-232C encoding Zero-Complemented Encoding Manchester Encoding Differential Manchester Encoding Twisted Pair Two insulated wires arranged in a spiral pattern The wires are copper or steel coated with copper A cable may have many pairs Twisting minimizes electromagnetic interference between pairs Noise Immunity: Good at low frequency Least expensive High data error rate : 1 x 10-5 Typical data rate: 10/100 Mbps (within 100m) Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Consist of two conductors, operate over a wider range of frequency 50 Ohm cable: Baseband digital signaling Manchester Encoding, 12 Mbps, a few Kilometers Support on the order of 100 devices per segment Less signal loss in the insertion of the Taps 75 Ohm cable: Community Antenna Television (CATV) Broadband Analog signaling with FDM 300-400 MHz In CATV, each channel has 6 MHz bandwidth Coaxial Cable Single-Channel Broadband for High Speed Analog or Digital Signaling (No FDM) Digital Signaling : Up to 50 Mbps Analog Signaling (PSK): Up to 50 Mbps Support thousands of devices depending on data rates Tens of Kilometers depending on data rates Moderate cost, components readily available Coaxial Cable Fiber Optic Use optical signals instead of electrical signals Light sources : LED (發光二極體） Laser Diode Optical Fibers Single Mode Stepped Index Graded Index Detector: Photoelectric Diodes Fiber Optics Characteristics Dielectricity (free from interference) Low Attenuation over distance Small size, light weight Good bandwidth (Up to 3.3 GHz) Support long distance Bendable (Minimum bend radius 200mm - 5 mm) Relative Expensive Optical Transmission System Transmission Techniques Baseband : Digital Signaling Broadband: Analog Signaling Baseband Signals sent at their original form In LAN, baseband u