PreparingaProgramtoRun.pptVIP

Sep. 9, 2005 ELEC 5200-001/6200-001 Lecture 5 Preparing a Program to Run Vishwani D. Agrawal James J. Danaher Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University /~vagrawal vagrawal@ Storing a Program Memory and Registers Policy of Register Usage (Conventions) Translating a Program to Executable Code Compiler System program Input: Programming language code, e.g., a C program. Output: Assembly language code. Compiler’s function Specific to ISA and machine organization Assigns variables to registers Translates C into assembly language Saves and restores registers $s0 through $s7 when compiling a subroutine (or procedure) that uses them MIPS Compiler Example C code: f = (g+h) – (i+j) Compiler assigns variables f, g, h, i and j to registers $s0, $s1, $s2, $s3 and $s4 Uses two temporary registers, $t0 and $t1, to produce the following MIPS assembly code: add $t0, $s1, $s2 # reg $t0 contains g+h add $t1, $s3, $s4 # reg $t1 contains i+j sub $s0, $t0, $t1 # reg $s0 = $t0 - $t1 = (g+h) – (i+j) Saving and Restoring Registers Compiling a Procedure Procedure proc uses register $s0 Assembly code: proc : addi $sp, $sp, - 4 # adjust stack pointer sw $s0, 0($sp) # save $s0 . Assembly code of proc . lw $s0, 0($sp) # restore $s0 addi $sp, $sp, 4 # pop 1 word off stack jr $ra # return Assembler System program Input: Assembly language code Output: Machine language code (binary or object code) contains: Machine instructions Data Symbol table Converts pseudoinstructions into core instructions using register $at Converts assembly code into machine code Creates a symbol table – labels and locations in code MIPS Assembler Example Use register convention: Registers 16-23 are $s0 through $s7 Registers 8-15 are $t0 through t7 Machine code: three 32-bit words 000000 10001 10010 01000 00000 100000 000000 10011 10100 01001 00000 100000 000000 01000 01001 10000 00000 100010 Linker System program. Inputs: Program and pr