03ANSYS13.0Workbench结构非线性培训选读.ppt

A change of status that causes an abrupt change in stiffness is another common cause of nonlinear behavior. For example: A cable can change status from slack to taut Two parts in an assembly can come into contact Machining can remove prestressed material ANSYS Details: Internally, the different contact formulations are as follows: For Simulation, the default is pure Penalty. “Normal Lagrange” is actually Lagrange multiplier on normal, penalty on tangent Lagrange multiplier method on both normal and tangent is not currently available in Simulation GUI “MPC” is only available for bonded contact type KEYOPT(4) controls detection at Gauss or nodal points Both MPC and Lagrange multiplier method are nodal-based methods, so KEYOPT(4) will automatically be set to have contact detection at nodes, normal to target. The penalty-based methods will have contact detection points at the Gauss points rather than at nodes. As stated in the previous slide, the difference between externally applied loads and internal reactions is called the residual. Another way to look at this is that the calculated residual is a measure of the force imbalance in the structure. When the force imbalance is not equal, the system is said to be unconverged because it is not in equilibrium. The goal is to iterate until this residual becomes acceptably small; that is, until the solution is converged. When convergence is achieved, the external force equals the internal reaction and the solution is in equilibrium, within an acceptable tolerance. The Newton-Raphson method is not guaranteed to converge in all cases! A nonlinear system will converge only if the starting configuration is inside the radius of convergence. The figures below illustrate the concept of the radius of convergence. As part of the Newton-Raphson process, if the starting configuration , Ustart, is outside of the radius of convergence, the solution will diverge. If however, Ustart is inside the radius of convergence, the soluti