03ErgonomicsforOfficeandMFG选读.ppt

Exerting High Force 用尽全力 Awkward or Static Postures 笨拙的和静止的姿势 Repetition 重复 Contact Stress Against Soft Tissue 接触压力损伤软组织 Whole Body or Hand-Arm Vibration 整个身体或手臂的震动 Extreme Cold Temperatures 极冷的温度 Ergonomic Risk Factors 人机工效的风险因素 3 PrincipalRisk Factors 3个主要风险因素 * Ergonomic – Back Injury 背部伤害 * Ergonomic – Back Injury 背部伤害 * As per the record of lost working day误工工伤按原因分类 Manual materials handling and lifting are major causes of work-related low back pain and injury 人工物料操作和提举是引起工作相关的腰背疼痛和受伤的主要原因 Injuries to the back are one of the more common and costly types of work-related injuries 背部的受伤是工伤中很常见及高花费的伤害之一 Primary risk factors to the back are the same as those for the other areas of the body 对背部造成伤害的主要风险因素与对身体其他部分的风险因素是一样的 Posture 姿势 Force 受力 Frequency 频率 Ergonomic – Back Injury 背部伤害 * Handling even a light weight can require our muscles to produce a large amount of force 即使是很轻的重量也会令我们的肌肉产生大量的力 Ergonomic – Back Injury 背部伤害 For example, assume 例如，假设: The distance from the back muscles to the bending point is 2” (5 cm) 背部肌肉至弯曲点的距离为2” (5 cm) The distance from the bending point to the load is 30” (76 cm) 弯曲点至负荷的距离为30” (76 cm) The load weight is 10 lb (4.5 kg) 负荷重为10 lb (4.5 kg) Force exerted by the back muscles is: 背部肌肉所产生的力为： (10 lb x 30”) / 2” = 150 lb! (4.5 kg x 76 cm) / 5 cm = 68kg! * How to Preventing Back Injury 如何预防背部伤害 Never Bend, Lift, and Twist at the same time! 不要同时去做弯曲，举起和扭曲的动作 Use mechanical aids or assistance when possible. 尽可能借助机械的辅助设备 Bend your knees and use your legs to lift! 弯曲膝盖，使用你腿上的力量 * Where am I going to set it down? 我准备把