阅读理解专题训练--猜测词义.doc

阅读理解微技能 阅读理解要求考生： 1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节; 2.既要理解具体的事实，也要理解抽象的概念; 3.既要理解字面意思，也要理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度、意图等; 4.既要理解某句、某段的意义，也要理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断; 5.既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。 常见的阅读理解题有： 1.主旨大意题Main ideas 2.推测判断题Inference judgment 3.细节类题型Details 4.猜测词义题Guess the meaning 一 、阅读中遇到生词怎么办？ 做阅读理解题时，我们常常会遇到生词，需要我们学会在阅读过程中根据阅读材料所提供的背景知识、相关信息，综合理解、猜测或推断它们的意义。 猜测词义所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据语境来判断。下面我们谈谈猜测词义的几种方法。 (请写出所给句子划线单词的词义或选择最符合原句意思的答案） 利用构词法（合成、派生、转化等） 派生法包括在单词的前面加前缀，在单词的后面加后缀。单词加前缀会改变它的含义，是我们猜测词义时需要注意的。 常用的表示否定的前缀有：dis, in, mis, un, non 其它前缀还有： re 重复 co共同，平等 mini小 over过度 super超出 pre前 post后 vice副的 en使……可能 tele远程 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the ot her fellows were overcharging passengers. (广东卷) __________ 2. 利用上下文 (1) The house was beginning to get cold, so Daisy pulled her red, woolen cardigan out of her bag and put it on. __________ (2) The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and crops. There was very little we could do about the crops. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again. My older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above river. If the river flooded，they should be safe there．(06江西卷) The underlined word stock in the third paragraph refers to _________. A. money owned by the family B. goods for sale C. supplies for family use D. farm animals 3. 利用定义或解释 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is, or, that is (to say), in other words, be called, be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示。 (1) Insomnia is the inability of falling asleep or sleeping restlessly. _________ (2) He is prestidigitator, who entertained the children by pulling the rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire and other simi