第四节词类转移法题库.docVIP

词类转移法 He moved astonishingly fast. He moved with astonishing rapidity. His movements were astonishingly rapid. His rapid movements astonished us. His movements astonished us by their rapidity. The rapidity of his movements was astonishing. The rapidity with which he moved astonished us. He astonished us by moving rapidly. He astonished us by his rapid movements. He astonished us by the rapidity of his movements. She picked her pen up off the floor． 副词(adverb) 她从地上拣起钢笔。 We climbed slowly up the hill． 介词(preposition) 我们慢慢地往山上爬。 Inflation is up by 2％． 形容词(adjective) 通货膨胀上升了2％。 Kevin seems to be on an up now．I hope it lasts． 名词(noun) 凯文现在好像心情不错。希望他一直这样。 They have upped their offer by a further 5％． 动词(verb) 他们把报价又抬高了5％。 在翻译时，由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异，在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须改变词类，这就叫词类转移法。这种方法不仅指词类的改变，而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化。当然主要是指词类的变化，如原文中的名词可以转移成译文中的动词等词类。众所周知，语言是个无限制生成的系统，在翻译实践中，词类转移的情形也是千变万化的。重要的是，要知道在翻译中为了保证译文忠于原文并使译文合乎表达习惯，可以改变词类。下面所举的例子可以说明词类转移的一些常用情况。 He banged out. =He became very angry, and he went out shutting the door loudly. 1．语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。 The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort． 这句话的英译文应该说是忠实而地道的，但分析一下汉英文中的词类，却很少是对应的。原文中的词类到了译文中，差不多都发生了变化：“学好”是动词，意思上相应的英文词mastery是名词；“随便”是副词，意思上相应的英文词是作表语的easy，等等。假若译文中的英文词类、词序都与汉语完全相同，不作任何改变，那么这就不成一句英文句子了。 2．In those years the Republicans were in． 那些年是共和党执政。 (介词→动词) 3．The music is a gas． 这音乐妙极了。 (名词→形容词) 4．A week after his prelude to the President’s visit, China was in． 在他为总统出访所作的序幕之行后一周，中国成了最时新的话题。(介词→名) 5．Saud was a frustrated man at that time． 沙特那时已受挫折。 (形→动) 6．The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries． 贸易的巨增给两国带来了益处。 (动+副→形+名) 7．Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction． 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了很好的评价。 (动+副→动+形+名) 8．Traditionally，there had always been good relations between them． 它们之间一直有着传统的