函数式编程之Clojure(v1.0.2).ppt

再探Clojure STM(Software Transactional Memory) (12) memoize是一个非常有用的函数，它可以缓存一个输入和输出的映射。这是一个用空间换时间的典型案例。memoize函数中的内部存储是用atom实现。 (defn ^:dynamic slow-double [n] (Thread/sleep 100) (* n 2)) (defn calls-slow-double [] (map slow-double [1 2 1 2 1 2])) (time (dorun (calls-slow-double))) ;;= Elapsed time: 600.349527 msecs ;;= nil 再探Clojure STM(Software Transactional Memory) (13) (defn demo-memoize [] (time (dorun (binding [slow-double (memoize slow-double)] (calls-slow-double))))) (demo-memoize) ;;= Elapsed time: 200.447573 msecs ;;= nil 再探Clojure STM(Software Transactional Memory) (14) Agent适合那些之间几乎无依赖的任务，因为它是异步的。 send函数被调用后会立即返回，更新操作会稍后在另一个线程被执行。 (def counter (agent 0 :validator number?)) (send counter inc) ;;= #Agent@4799a84f: 1 (await (send counter inc)) ;;= nil (time (await-for 1 (send counter inc))) ;;= Elapsed time: 1.320692 msecs ;;= true 再探Clojure STM(Software Transactional Memory) (15) (time (await-for 1 (send counter inc))) ;;= Elapsed time: 1.320692 msecs ;;= true (send counter inc) ;;= #Agent@5d7a7de4: 4 (send counter (fn [_] Oops!)) ;;= #Agent@5d7a7de4: 4 (send counter inc) ;;= IllegalStateException Invalid reference state clojure.lang.ARef.validate (ARef.java:33) 再探Clojure STM(Software Transactional Memory) (16) (agent-errors counter) ;;= (#IllegalStateException java.lang.IllegalStateException: Invalid reference state) (clear-agent-errors counter) ;;= 4 (send counter inc) ;;= #Agent@5d7a7de4: 5 再探Clojure STM(Software Transactional Memory) (17) Ref、Atom和Agent的更新模型： 再探Clojure STM(Software Transactional Memory) (18) Var是用defn或def定义，并用^:dynamic修饰的。它可以用binding在本地线程重新绑定为其他值。 (def ^:dynamic number 10) (defn print-number [] (println number)) (let [number let number] (print-number)) ;;= 10 ;;= nil (binding [number let number] (print-number)) ;;= let number ;;= nil Clojure周边 Clojure开发工具 构建工具——Leiningen，兼容Maven仓库。 入门级的IDE——Clooj，集成了项目浏览器、支持语法高亮Clojure源码文件查看器、输出查看器和REPL。 更高级的IDE——推荐 IDEA +