日本室町_江户时期的茶庭演变研究.docxVIP

日本室町——江户时期的茶庭演变研究Analysis on the Evolution of Japanese Tea Gardens between the Muromachi Period and Edo Period崔陇鹏 / CUI Long-peng李红艳* / LI Hong-yan喻梦哲 / YU-Meng-zhe摘要：日本室町至江户时期的近百年间，是茶庭文化的产生和大发展时期，其造园思想与禅宗、书画、茶文化相互融合，逐渐演变成为一种综合的园林艺术，讲究以精神为本位，强调去掉一切人为的装饰，追求简素美，为来客到达茶室之前营造顿悟的“禅机”。将日本茶道与茶庭的发展分为3个阶段：茶道与茶庭的产生期、发展期和兴盛期。通过对3个时期日本著名茶人设计的 茶庭的对比研究，探索日本该历史时期茶庭的发展状况及造园精神的演变，寻找日本在不同时期的历史环境下，茶道与茶庭文化 中所隐藏的独特的社会审美意识、人文气息与时代精神。关 键 词：风景园林；日本；茶庭；室町时期；江户时期文章编号：1000-6664(2014)02-0109-06中图分类号：TU 986收稿日期：2012-07-09；文献标志码：A修回日期：2013-08-20Abstract: During about one hundred years between the Muromachi Period and Edo Period of Japan, the culture of tea garden was produced and greatly developed. The principle of tea garden construction combines with Chinese Zen, painting and calligraphy, and gradually evolves into the comprehensive garden art, which is designed to promote the spiritual basis, remove all man-made decoration, pursue simple aesthetics, and create the Buddhist allegorical gesture before visitors arrival. This article divides the Japanese tea ceremony and tea garden into three phases: the generation period of Tea gardens, the development period and the flourishing period. Through the comparative study of tea gardens designed during the three period, this paper explores the development status and transformation of tea garden spirit of Japan in this period. The objective is to find out the tea culture and the unique social aesthetic sense, culture and humanity and spirit of the times hidden in the tea garden culture in different periods of historical circumstances of Japan.Key words: landscape architecture; Japan; tea garden; Muromachi Period; Edo Period室町时期，日本的茶人就开始将喝茶的庭院作为进行禅茶的仪式性空间、一种精神性的场所而存在。茶室，多 命名为某某庵，意为修行之所；茶庭，又名“露地”， 即 茶室所在的庭园，具体指从庭园大门到茶室建筑物之间的 空间，是由茶道仪式场所演变而来的小型庭园空间。它是 人们进入茶室之前的精神准备的场所，为来客到达茶室之 前营造在自然当中顿悟的“禅机” 。1.1 茶道与茶庭的产生期日本室町末期至桃山初期，该时期为中国禅茶文化 的传入和日本茶道的创立期，禅僧村田珠光及其弟子武野 绍欧，创立了茶道和进行禅茶仪式的茶室，并将其茶道 称为“佗茶”(“佗”即“幽寂”“闲寂”的含义)，而武 野绍欧的弟子千利休①，则以一种“简素美”的意识创立 了“草庵”茶室的原型——京都“妙喜庵茶室待庵”(图