第七讲动词非谓语形式.ppt

English Grammar Edited and Published For Your Reference Only 第七讲 非限定动词 非限定动词P142/非谓语动词? 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。1）不定式时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　　一般式　　　　to do　　　　　 to be done　 完成式　　　 to have done　　to have been done2）动名词时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done3）分词时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done　 　　　　否定形式： not +不定式，　not + 动名词，　not + 现在分词  7.1分词 （现在分词和过去分词）? 1. 分词作定语　分词前置　　We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日　He is a retired worker.　 他是位退休的工人　　分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等)　There was a girl sitting there.　有个女孩坐在那里　This is the question given.　　 这是所给的问题　There is nothing interesting.　 没有有趣的东西　过去分词作定语 　与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。　Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 　Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.   典型例题 　 1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.　 A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written 　 　 2）Whats the language ____ in Germany?　A. speaking　　B. spoken　　 C. be spoken　　D. to speak答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。　 spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：Whats the language (which is) spoken in German 2 分词作状语  As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.- Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.　 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。　 If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.- Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 　假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。典型例题　1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed　 B. Followed by　 C. Being followed　 D. Having been followed　答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Wit