陕西省澄城县寺前中学2017届高三上学期推中考试英语试题1 无答案.docVIP

高三英语推中试题 授课人：党聪莉 说明文阅读 考查特点 　　高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普说明文着重揭示自然界潜在奥秘、生物生存背景和产品工艺原理。 多解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句叠现的现象，句型复杂，内容生涩。因此阅读科普说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静的心态阅读原文，解答试题。 阅读方法 注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。 在阅读过程中划出长难句的主干成分（主谓宾），标出关键词。 认真阅读文章首段，每段首句把握文章主旨。 使用略读法 、查读法、精读法相结合的方法阅读。 A篇 Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body — and the body from them — until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks — burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.??????? The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.??????? That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.???????? So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsule