海南省海口市第十四中学高一英语必修二Module3 Music -Grammar 2导学案.docVIP

Grammar 2（过去完成时） The Past Perfect Tense. (Book: P27 P1) Read these extracts and answer the questions. 过去完成时：1. 肯定结构：助动词had+done（动词过去分词） 否定结构：助动词had not/hadn’t+done用法：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作（过去的过去），或过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持续到那个那时的动作或动作 1. 他说他以前见过你。 He said that he ________ (see) you before. 他告诉我他已经知道了一切. He told me he _____________(know) everything . 2. 用于 by + 过去时状语 , 主句用过去完成时 1) By last year ,they ________ ( learn ) 2,000 words. 到去年为止他们已经学了2000个单词了. 2) 到六点钟时，他们已经工作了八小时了。By six o’clock they ________(work) for eight hours. 3) By the time he was 14, Mozart __________(作曲了)many pieces for orchestra . 3. 用于before ,after, 从句中, 1)After they _______(know)each other for many years ,Beethoven said :”He is a good composer”. 2) Before I told him about it ,He __________(know) everything about it . 注意: 如果发生的动作很短暂, 或两个动作紧接着发生, 则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。尤其是在含有before, after复合句中, 因为它们本身的词义就可以表示出先后顺序。如: Just before I left New York, I sent an e-mail to Mr White, my teacher in the university. 过去完成时常用的时间状语: before ,after ,since ,for + 段时 , be +过去时 现在完成时时间状语: already ,yet ,never ,ever ,just , once, many times , for … ,since …, recently ,in recent years , in the past few days . by now ,so far ,up till now .up to now . 注： 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1. 两者都表示过去的动作。一般过去时表示的是相对于现在的过去时间，而过去完成时表示的是相对于过去某一时刻的过去，即“过去的过去”。 2. 一般过去时单单表示过去某一时刻发生的动作或过去某一段时间内反复发生的动作；过去完成时则表示在过去某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或表示在过去某一时间以前已经开始并一直持续到那时的动作或状态。 3. 在复合句中，如果从句动作发生在前，主句发生在后： 如果主从句动作先后关系不太明显，二者均可使用一般过去时。 After she finished her work ,she hurried to the nursery to pick up her child. 如果从句中有表示具体的时间，从句仍用一般过去时。 He said that he was born in 1984. 反馈检查: 1. The hotel wasn’t particularly good, but I ______________in many worse hotels. A. was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed 2 The moment I got home, I found I _______my jacket on the playground. A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving 3. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _________each other for years. A. knew