高三不定式与动名词教师稿.doc

高三第一轮复习（三） （不定式和动名词） 你知道不定式和动名词可以充当哪些成份吗？ 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ （一）不定式 不定式由动词前加to构成。请写出以动词do 为例的不定式的不同形式。 主动 被动 否定式 一般式 to do to be done 不定式前加not 完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式前加not 进行式 to be doing / 不定式前加not 1. 句法功能： 不定式具有名词、形容词、副词、动词的多种特征，因此它可以在句中作主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，宾补/主补。 1)主语： 不定式短语做主语时有两种位置。一是将不定式（短语）直接放在句首。 翻译：为人民服务是我们的责任。 To serve the people is our duty. 掌握一门外语不容易。 To master a foreign language is not easy. 动词不定式在句中做主语，但在多数情况下常用it做形式主语，将不定式后置，以避免句子结构头重脚轻。 It is our duty to serve the people. It is not easy to master a foreign language. 不定式的复合结构 It is important for us to learn English. ( necessary, possible, easy, hard, essential, natural…) It is kind of you to help me. ( clever, brave, stupid, foolish, polite, rude…) 2) 宾语： He agreed ____to keep____( keep) it a secret. Little Jim should love ___to be taken____ ( take ) to the theatre this evening. One ought __not to be punished_____ (not punish ) for what one hasn’t done. They found it impossible ___to get _____ (get) everything ready in time. 只用不定式作宾语的动词有: want to do sth. 想要做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 aim to do sth. 打算做某事 intend to do sth. 打算做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 long to do sth. 渴望做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 3) 表语： His wish is to become a scientist. What I want to do seems to tell you something. (one’s dream, wish, idea, plan, task, duty, What one wants to do) 与下面句子比较： He is to clean the room. The meeti