【创新设计】2016-2017学年高中英语 Module 1 Europe Period Three Grammar Writing讲义 外研版必修3.docVIP

Period Three　Grammar Writing 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 一、被动语态的构成 英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的基本构成是“be＋过去分词”。 二、使用被动语态的情况 1.动作的承受者是谈话的中心，强调或突出动作的承受者时。 Li Ming was elected chairman of the meeting. 李明被选为会议的主席。 2.只知道动作的承受者或没有必要说出动作的执行者时。 Paper was first made in China. 纸最早是在中国制造的。 三、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 1.一般现在时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者＋am/is/are＋过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)。 I am often told to be careful by my mother. 妈妈经常告诉我要小心。 2.一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者＋was/were＋过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)。 The boy was hit by a car yesterday. 这个男孩昨天被车撞了。 The chairs were repaired yesterday morning. 这些椅子昨天上午修过了。 四、不用被动语态的情况 1.某些实义动词(sell，wash，write，wear等)的主动形式后跟副词(well，badly，easily等)表示被动意义，这种“动词＋副词”结构常表示事物内部特有的属性。 The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲作为生日礼物送给我的钢笔写起来很流畅。 2.对系动词而言，如：feel，taste，sound，become，seem等，一般用其主动形式表示被动意义。 这种食品尝起来美味可口。 [正]The food tastes delicious. [误]The food is tasted delicious. 3.表示状态的动词，如：lack，fit，mean，hold，have，contain，resemble等，不用于被动语态。 简长得像莉莲。 [正]Jane resembles Lilian. [误]Lilian is resembled by Jane. 4.不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如die，disappear，end(vi.结束)，fail，happen，lie，sit，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，take place等没有被动语态。 The war broke out in 1986. 那场战争爆发于1986年。 即时跟踪1 (1)用所给动词的正确形式填空 ①—Why did you leave that position? —I was offered(offer) a better position at IBM. ②More than a dozen students in that school were sent(send) abroad to study foreign language last year. ③Linda，make sure the tables are set(set) before the guests arrive. ④A piano concert was given(give) in Jinan last Saturday. ⑤Once harm is done(do) to the nervous system of people，it can hardly be recovered. (2)句型转换 ①The teacher told the children a story. The children were told a story by the teacher. ②Different cooks in different parts of China cook dishes in different ways. Dishes are cooked in different ways by different cooks in different parts of China. ③They watched the children sing that morning. The children were watched to sing that mor