【创新设计】2016-2017学年高中英语 Module 3 The Violence of Nature Period Three Grammar Writing讲义 外研版必修3.docVIP

Period Three　Grammar Writing 过去完成时的被动语态 一、构成 had＋been＋过去分词 二、用法 1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by，at，before等构成的短语或when，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。 The project had been completed by the end of 1990. 这项工程已于1990年底竣工。 The classroom had been cleaned before we came. 我们来之前，教室已被打扫干净。 2.表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，该动作可能还要延续下去，常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 The sale had been advertised for several weeks. 这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。 Much work had been done since she arrived here. 自她抵达这里后做了许多工作。 3.用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中，常放在像said，told，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的动作。 My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher. 我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。 We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash. 我们都以为他在飞机失事中丧生了。 即时跟踪1　用所给词的正确形式填空 (1)By the time we finished our work，other workers had left(leave) already. (2)How long had they known(know) each other before they got married? (3)At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement had been reached(reach). (4)We have not seen(not，see) each other up to now since I left(leave) my hometown. (5)When I got up this morning，I found that the rain had stopped(stop) and the sun was shinning. 直接引语和间接引语 英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫作间接引语。直接引语如改为间接引语，必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面作相应变化。 一、句型变化 1.陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)。 “I will never forget this interesting lesson，”said Paul. 保罗说：“我永远不会忘记这有趣的一课。” →Paul said that he would never forget that interesting lesson. 保罗说他永远不会忘记那有趣的一课。 2.疑问句 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序(主语在谓语前面)，句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语也要作相应的变化。 (1)一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语(me，him或us等)。 He said，“Can you speak French？” →He asked (me) if/whether I could speak French. He said，“Did you see me last night？” →He asked (me) whether/if I had seen him the night before. (2)特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。 “Where do you usually have lunch？” he asked me. →He asked me where I usually had lunch. (3)选择疑问句：直接引语如果是选择疑问句，用whether/if引导