浙江省2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习学案：第4讲介词.docVIP

第 4 讲 介词 1. I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained ______. (2011浙江卷) A. on B. for C. by D. of 【答案及解析】1. B　本题考点为介词与动词的搭配。句意为“我总想从事我一直以来为此被训练的工作。”还原定语从句部分，应该是“Id been trained for the job”。 train作动词意为“训练”，介词for表目的。 2. I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just ______. (2010浙江卷) A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance 【答案及解析】2. C　考查介词短语的辨析。句意为“我觉得我们以前已经谈论过这件事情了，但是以防万一，我还是再问你一次吧。”by nature天生地，天然地；in return作为回报；in case以防万一；by chance偶然地，碰巧。 介词的种类 介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种： 简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to, for等； 短语介词，即由两个以上的词组成的短语，如in front of, because of, instead of等； 二重介词，如until after, from behind等。 介词的句法功能 介词不能独立在句中作成分，介词后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。 1．作定语：The book _on_the_table is mine. 2．作状语：We have breakfast at_seven._(表时间) They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain. (表原因) They started the machine by_pressing the button. (表方式) 3．作表语：My dictionary is in_the_bag. 4．作宾语补足语：I found him in_the_office. 主要介词区别 1．表示时间的at, in, on at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。 in表示一段时间，如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。 on总是跟日子有关，如： on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。 2．表示时间的since和from since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如： I hope to do morning exercises from_today. We have not seen each other since_1995. 3. between和 among 一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如： You are to sit between your father and me. He is always happy among his classmate 4．表示“用”的in, by和with with用于有形的工具，或身体某些器官等的方面，其后的名词多被冠词或物主代词等修饰。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。by后接名词且名词前常没有修饰词，名词用原形。如： He is writing a letter with_a_pen. He wrote the letter in_pencil._ We measured it in_pounds.