不同播种方法对水稻秧苗素质及其产量的影响.docVIP

不同播种方法对水稻秧苗素质及其产量的影响 　　摘要：为探明旱育长龄壮秧的适宜播种方法，提高水稻单产，以临稻16号为材料进行不同播种方法的田间试验。试验设T1（浇底墒水→撒种→一次覆土1.0 cm→覆膜）、T2（浇底墒水→撒种→二次覆土3.5 cm→出苗前退土保留1.0 cm土层）、T3（撒种→一次覆土1.5 cm→浇蒙头水）3个处理，随机区组设计，重复3次，本田试验对应秧田进行设计。试验结果是：T1的秧苗素质最好、产量最高，平均单株分蘖为1.42个，根条数为44.6条，百株鲜重为259.5 g，单产为10 459.2 kg/hm2；T3的秧苗素质和产量次之，平均单株分蘖为0.89个，根条数为37.2条，百株鲜重为224.8 g，单产为9 178.7 kg/hm2；T2的秧苗素质最差、产量最低，平均单株分蘖为0.75个，根条数为35.5条，百株鲜重为219.1 g，单产为8 495.2 kg/hm2；3个处理之间的产量差异均达极显著水平。结论是：“浇底墒水→撒种→一次覆土1.0 cm →覆膜”的播种方法，能增温、保墒、防鸟，提高出苗率，出苗快，苗全苗齐，秧苗素质好，移栽后能早生快发，增加单位面积穗数和穗粒数，提高单产。 　　关键词：水稻；播种方法；秧苗素质；产量 　　中图分类号：S511.042 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2016）11-0065-04 　　Abstract In order to explore the suitable sowing method for strong， long-age and dry nursery seedlings of rice to raise yield， the field trials were conducted with Lindao 16 as material. Three treatments were designed， including T1 （irrigating pre-sowing water → sowing seeds → covering 1.0 cm of soil once → covering film）， T2 （irrigating pre-sowing water → sowing seeds → covering 3.5 cm of soil twice → retaining 1.0 cm of soil before seedling emerging）， T3 （sowing seeds → covering 1.5 cm of soil once → irrigating fully）. Randomized block design with three replications was used according to the seedbed. The results showed that the seedling quality of T1 treatment was the best and its yield was the highest with the average tiller number per plant of 1.42， root number of 44.6， fresh weight per hundred seedlings of 259.5 g and yield of 10 459.2 kg/hm2. The seedling quality and yield of T3 treatment was the second， and its average tiller number per plant was 0.89， the root number was 37.2， the fresh weight per hundred seedlings was 224.8 g and the yield was 9 178.7 kg/hm2. The seedling quality of T2 treatment was the worst and its yield was the lowest with the average tiller number per plant of 0.75， root number of 35.5， fresh weight per hundred seedlings of 219.1 g and yield of 8 495.2 kg/hm2. There were very significant differences among three treatments. In conclusion， the m