2015届高考英语二轮语法专题复习讲义：虚拟语气3.docVIP

虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议, 而不表示客观存在的事实。 一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 1．表示与现在事实相反： If I were you, I should stay at home. If the peasants could farm the land themselves, food production would be much higher. 2．表示与过去事实相反： If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there would have been many deaths. 4．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整，习惯上称之为混合虚拟语气。例如： If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now。(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) 5． 从句省略if，用倒装句式“were, had, should+主语”。例如： Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 6．大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的方法表达，但也可以通过介词without，介词短语but for，副词otherwise以及句式if only (要是……就好了)等表达出来。例如： Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help. If only the alarm clock had rung.　 二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句 1．“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，“……就好了”、“但愿……”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望, 从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不能实现的愿望, 用“would(could)+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，用“had+过去分词”或“(could)would+ have+过去分词”。例如：I wish we could go to the seaside today. I wish you told me earlier. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. I’d rather 后接宾语从句，“我宁愿……”也表示虚拟语气，谓语部分与wish一样。 2．虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中，用“(should)+动词原形”。例如： I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people. 注意：insist作 “力言”、“强调”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作“坚持(应该)”解时，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。suggest意思是“表明，暗示”时不用于虚拟语气。如： Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. His expression suggested that he was angry. 三、虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句 作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”。例如： We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that he (should) do exercises first. 四、虚拟语气用于以as if (as though) 引导的表语从句或状语从句 五、虚拟语气