Unit 1 The written word语法教案（牛津版选修8）.docVIP

英语否定概念的表达形式大致可以分为两大类——显形否定和隐形否定。前者一般借助否定词或含否定意义的句型表达，其否定含义较为直观；后者无明显否定词，其否定含义往往靠上下文或语境来推断，较难把握。 显形否定 种 类 例 句 常用no和not否定词表示否定。not修饰副词或整个句子，no修饰名词或代词； no = not a/not any He is not a statesman. 他不是政治家。 He is no statesman. 他绝非政治家。(言下之意，他不懂政治。) 用不定代词none, nobody, nothing, neither, little, few, no one 表示否定。 Nobody can come in without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得入内。 Neither of the two books is published in England. 这两本书都不是英国出版的。 The new rules are working and few books are stolen. 新规定很管用，几乎没有书被偷走。 用hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, never, nowhere, not … at all, no longer, not any more等否定副词。 We have never seen each other before. 我们以前从未见过面。 This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one can’t either. 这台车床不能再用了，那台也一样。 用nor, neither … nor, but, without, unless, but for, but that, in the absence of, regardless of, instead of, short of, rather than, anything but, any more than, out of the question, would rather…than, in no case, under no circumstance, by no means, in no way, on no condition, beyond, at a loss, above, behind, against, beneath, out of, past 等介词或连词表示否定。 He was at a loss what to do next. 他不知道下一步该做什么。 I sleep with the window open unless it is really cold. 天气若不冷，我总是开窗睡觉。 由dis-, il-, im-, un-, non-, anti-, under-, in-, ab-, mis-, 及 –less, -free, -proof 等词缀构成的否定词来表示。 Some people think it is impolite to ask someone’s age. 有些人认为询问别人的年龄是不礼貌的。 She mistrusts anyone in a position of authority. 她对任何有权有势的人都不信任。 用avoid, ban, cancel, deny, exclude, escape, forbid, free … from, free from/of, fail, hat, ignore, lack, lose, miss, neglect, prohibit, quit, refuse, rid, stop 以及far from, off, absent, bad, bare, empty等可用于表达否定概念的词。 The headmaster was absent from the meeting. 校长没有来参加会议。 It is far from clear what he intends to do. 他打算做什么一点都不清楚。 Most of the students failed to go to college in his time. 他那个时代大多数学生都没有上大学。 常用否定句型：too … to …, too … for … He is too young to go to school. 他还不够上学的年龄。 That’s too much for me. 这我可受不了啦。 虚拟语气表否定 You should (o