肥力密度互作对杂交中稻产量和产量构成因子的影响.docVIP

肥力密度互作对杂交中稻产量和产量构成因子的影响 　　摘要：以杂交中稻全两优1号和全两优681为供试品种，设置两个施氮肥力水平和三个栽插密度的互作试验，研究了肥力密度互作对杂交中稻产量和产量构成因子的影响。结果表明，全两优1号和全两优681均在高氮肥、低密度条件下更能有效地提高水稻产量，产量和成熟期茎叶的干物质积累量也在此条件下达到最大值；密度对水稻穗粒数影响明显，减小栽插密度，施用适当氮肥，可通过大幅度增加单位面积的有效穗和穗粒数来实现高产；全两优1号产量在肥力密度互作情况下主要受单位面积的有效穗和穗实粒数影响，而全两优681主要受结实率和有效穗的影响；在180 kg/hm2肥力下主要通过提高结实率和单位面积有效穗来提高水稻产量，而在250 kg/hm2肥力下则主要通过穗实粒数和穗粒数来提高水稻产量；施氮水平和栽插密度对水稻产量的回归关系极显著，即随着施氮量的增加和栽插密度的减小，产量逐渐上升，但增幅逐渐下降。 　　关键词：杂交中稻；氮肥施用量；密度；产量构成因子；产量；干物质积累量 　　中图分类号：S511 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）24-6145-06 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.24.010 　　Abstract： Two hybrid rice varieties，Quanliangyou No.1 and Quanliangyou 681 were used to study the effect of nitrogen application rate and transplanting density on yield and yield components with two nitrogen application rates and three transplanting densities were applied. The result showed that the combination of a high nitrogen fertilization rate and a low density produced the highest yield （9 239.8 kg/hm2 for Quanliangyou No.1 and 8 720.8 kg/hm2 for Quanliangyou 681） and dry matter accumulation. The highest yield was achieved through the increase of the number of spikes per ha and the number of fertile grains per spike for Quanliangyou No.1 and the increase of the number of spikes per ha and the reduction of the rate of infertile grains for Quanliangyou 681. Under a lower nitrogen level，the seed setting rate and the number of spikes per ha were the two major contributors to the yield while under a higher nitrogen level，the number of spikes per ha was less important with the seed setting rate and the total number of grains per spike being the major contributors. As a result，high yield of the hybrid rice could be obtained by the nitrogen fertilization rate was used as 250 kg/hm2 with the transplanting density of 16.67 cm×26.67 cm. 　　Key words： hybrid rice； nitrogen use； plant density； yield components； yield； dry matter accumulation 　　肥力水平和种植密度是影响作物产量的关键栽培技术因素[1-5]。国内外研究表明，施氮水平和种植密度对水稻产量有显著影响，且不同作物在肥力与密度互作效应方面的试验结