知识撷取.ppt

3. 知識擷取 G.J. Hwang Chapter 3Knowledge Acquisition知識擷取 3.1 INTRODUCTION The goal of knowledge acquisition（知識擷取） is to elicit expertise（專業知識） from domain experts（領域專家）. Advantages of Employing Knowledge Acquisition（知識擷取） Systems： They does not only depend on the training cases（訓練範例）. Real-time analysis is possible. Real-time consistency checking is possible. They can be integrated with KE tools. Knowledge bases（知識庫） can be automatically generated. REVIEWS OF PREVIOUS WORKS Substantive Knowledge： To identify current state “Am I in danger of being attacked” Strategic Knowledge： To determine what to do next “Climb to 30000 feet” The Acquisition of Substantive Knowledge Repertory Grid（知識表格）-Oriented Methods： Step 1. Elicit elements to be classified. Step 2. Elicit constructs from experts. Each time three elements are selected. The expert is asked to give a construct to distinguish one element from the other two. Step 3. Rate the grid by filling a rating (1-5) to each entry. Step 4. Generate implication graph. Rules generated from the grid： First column： IF high_fever and red and purple and (not headache) Then 　　Disease = Measles 　　CF = MIN (0.8,1.0,0.8,0.8) 　　　 = 0.8 Second column： 　　IF 　　　(not high_fever) and (not red) and 　　　(not purple) and (not headache) 　　Then 　　Disease = German Measles Advantages of applying repertory-grids（知識表格） Easy to analyze the elicited knowledge： Similarity analysis of constructs. Similarity analysis of elements. Analysis of the relationships among constructs. Detection of missed elements. Detection of logical errors. 3.2 ELICTATION OF SUBSTANTIVE  KNOWLEDGE Knowledge Representation（知識表示法） An acquisition table is a repertory grid（知識表格） of multiple data types： Boolean ：true or false Single value：an integer, a real, or a symbol Set of value：a set of integers, real numbers or symbols. Range of values：a set of integers or real numbers. ‘X’：no relation. ‘U’：unknown or undecidable. Ratings： 2：very likely to be. 1：