土木工程专业英语第七课翻译--惠宽堂.docVIP

Soil Compressibility and Settlement土的压缩性和结算 沉降的地面运动的类型及成因 the stability of related structures is a complex one. 地面运动和相关结构稳定性之间的关系比较复杂。First of all, there are several mechanisms which may produce ground movement, and furthermore there are many types of structure, each with a varying potential to withstand or to be distressed by movement. 首先，导致地面运动的机理有多种，而且，结构形式也多种多样，每一种抵抗地面运动的能力也不同。Some buildings, such as those of brick and masonry construction, are exceedingly brittle and may sustain cracks and even structural damage following very small foundation displacements. 一些建筑物，如砖石结构，脆性很大，即使在很小的基础位移发生时就可能导致其开裂，甚至结构破坏。Others may be constructed to sustain movements of considerable magnitude without suffering real damage.其它结构形式可经受很大的地面运动而不发生真正破坏。 It is important to realize that soil conditions are apt to change ,sometimes considerably ,from before ,to during ,and also after construction .重要的是要意识到,土壤条件是容易改变,有时相当,从之前,期间和之后建设。It is the prediction of these changes that presents the most difficult task to the designer .Most building damage that occurs because of foundation movement occurs when unforeseen soil conditions arise;它是预测这些变化,将最艰巨的任务到设计师。大多数建筑物损害的发生是因为基础运动时发生不可预见的土壤情况的出现;inadequate site investigations and a lack of understanding of soil behavior are largely the root causes .不充分的现场调查和缺乏了解的土壤行为在很大程度上是根本原因。As will be shown in this chapter,there are methods available by which the amount and rate of foundation settlement due to certain mechanisms can be estimate.我们会看到在这一章,有方法可用的数量和基础沉降速度由于某些机制可以被估计。These estimates will remain reasonably reliable providing that the soil conditions assumed for the calculation are:(a)a fair representation of the actual conditions ,and (b) likely to persist throughout the life of the building.这些估计仍将相当可靠的提供,土壤条件假设的计算是:(a)公平表示的实际条件,和(b)可能持续整个生命的建筑。 It is useful to start a study of settlement by considering briefly a number of ground movement mechanisms which are potential causes of settlement.它是有用的开始研究结算通过考虑一个短暂的数量的地面运动机制是解决潜在原因。 Compaction压实 Compacti