井下作业类.doc

井下作业专业英语答辩题库 什么是打捞？ What is “fishing”? 打捞是指打捞扭断或其它原因造成的井下落物。 “Fishing” is the term used for recovery of pipe twisted off or otherwise lost downhole. 管柱卡有哪些类型？ How many types of pipe sticking are there? 有机械卡、泥浆卡、键槽卡、水泥卡、井喷卡、井眼坍塌卡、小井眼卡、井漏卡和压差卡。 There are mechanical sticking, mud sticking, key seat sticking, cement sticking, blowout sticking, sloughing hole sticking, undergauge hole sticking, lost circulation sticking, and differential pipe sticking. 哪一种打捞工具使用得最普遍？ Which one is the most popular of all fishing tools? 卡瓦打捞筒。 The overshot. 大多数卡瓦打捞筒由什么组成？ What do most overshots consist of? 大多数卡瓦打捞筒由筒体、上接头、导向器、卡瓦、控制器、密封装置、限位器和某些附件组成。 Most overshots consist of a bowl, top sub, guide and the grapple or slip, a control, packoff, stop, and perhaps some additional accessory. 震击器是什么工具？ What tool are jars? 震击器是一种对被卡落雨进行上下强震击的冲击工具。 Jars are impact tools used to strike heavy blows either up or down upon the fish that is stuck. 盐酸是什么样的化学剂？ What agent is hydrochloric acid? 盐酸是一种强反应剂。 Hydrochloric acid is an extremely reactive agent. 酸液对人体有什么危害？ How harmful is acid to the body? 酸液损伤眼睛和皮肤。 Acid may harm eyes and skin. 在配置醋酸时应注意什么？ What should be noticed when preparing acetic acid? 一定要把醋酸酐加到水中或稀释，因为把水或稀酸加入醋酸酐就引起爆炸。 Be sure to add acetic anhydride to water or dilute acid, because an explosion may occur if water or dilute acid is added to acetic anhydride. 在什么条件下注入酸液？ Under what conditions is an acid injected? 在低于破裂压力的条件下。 Below fracture pressure. 进行一次酸化需要多长时间？ How long will it take you to finish one acidizing? 大约需3小时。 About three hours. 砂岩酸化的三个连续步骤是什么？ What are the three successive steps of acidizing treatments? 预处理、氢氟酸、盐酸酸化及替酸。 They are: preflush, HCI+HF treatment, and afterflush. 碳酸盐地层的空隙酸化的主要目的是什么？ What is the primary purpose of matrix acidizing carbonate formations? 主要目的是清除由尘垢、泥浆、粘土或碳氢化合物沉积造成的伤害，并且恢复地层原有的渗透性。 The primary purpose is to remove or bypass damage due to scale, mud, clay, or hydrocarbon deposits, and to restore natural formation permeability. 空隙酸化的操作方法是什么？ How to perform