电能储存系统的能源网络---in English.pdfVIP

Energy Conversion Management 41 (2000) 1863±1874 /locate/enconman Electrical energy storage systems for energy networks J. Kondoh*, I. Ishii, H. Yamaguchi, A. Murata, K. Otani, K. Sakuta, N. Higuchi, S. Sekine, M. Kamimoto Energy Technology Division, Electrotechnical Laboratory, 1-1-4, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568 Japan Received 16 October 1999; accepted 7 February 2000 Abstract Dispersed electrical energy storage systems are expected to work for load leveling, ˉuctuation smoothing, uninterruptible power supply and emergency power source. Their introduction seems to be essential in order to control the future complicated energy utility networks. In this paper, the characteristics of promising energy storage systems by pumped hydro, compressed air, secondary batteries, superconducting magnet, ˉywheel or capacitors have been surveyed and discussed. From the results, their characteristics and suitable application ?elds have been clari?ed. 7 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Conventional electrical power transmission and distribution system are operated for the simple one-way transportation from remote and large power plants to consumers, but the system is just about to change, to satisfy some emerging needs. Above all, availability of bidirectional transport is necessary in order to introduce dispersed generators. This will allow us to utilize the thermal energy formerly dissipated in electric power plants and renewable energy e?ectively by using photovoltaics, wind turbines, fuel cell, waste-to-energy, cogeneration etc. in order to reduce the impact of energy systems on the environment. Deregulation of the electrical power system is also required to reduce the electric energy charge in the competitive market. Electric power delivery not only with single but also plural quality * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-298-54-5823; fax: +81-298-54-5829. E-mail address: jkondoh@etl.go.jp (J. Kondoh). 0196-8904/00/$ - see front matter 7 2000