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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Some organisms have evolved to grow best at low or high pH, but most organisms grow best between pH 6 and 8. The internal pH of a cell must stay relatively close to neutral even though the external pH is highly acidic or basic. Salinity Some microorganisms (halophiles) have evolved to grow best at reduced water potential, and some (extreme halophiles) even require high levels of salts for growth. Oxygen Aerobes require oxygen to live, whereas anaerobes do not and may even be killed by oxygen. Microaerophiles are aerobes that can use oxygen only when it is pr