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Teaching Grammar as Product From Batstone, R. (1994). Grammar. Oxford, OUP Teaching Grammar as Product, Process, and Skill (Batstone) Teaching Grammar as Product: Emphasis is on the component parts of the language system Teaching Grammar as Process: Intricacies of real-time communication; emphasises the use of the language by the learner Teaching Grammar as Skill Teaching grammar as skill – striking a balance between product and process. Teaching Grammar as Product Noticing Noticing for the learner Noticing by the learner Structuring Structuring for the learner Structuring by the learner Ben