Metabolic Processes Halton District School Board代谢过程哈尔顿区教育局.pptVIP

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Metabolic Processes Halton District School Board代谢过程哈尔顿区教育局.ppt

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Metabolic Processes Halton District School Board代谢过程哈尔顿区教育局

In stereoisomerism, the molecules have the same molecular formula and the same structural formula (the atoms are connected in the same order in each molecule). However, in each molecule, the atoms have a different three dimensional arrangement in space which makes them non-superimposable. This means that no matter how you twist and turn the molecules, one isomer cannot fit exactly on top of the other. 6. D) oxygen diffuses into alveoli in the lungs: an increase in entropy as oxygen molecules trapped in alveoli diffuse into capillaries and move randomly through the circulatory system. e) A cell divides: an increase in entropy as the system is becoming more random, and much of the cell’s free energy is used in cell division; two cells represent a more random arrangement of objects than a single cell 7. Gibbs free energy represents energy that can do useful work. 8. A) Heat death of the universe refers to the state where all the particles and energy of the universe will move randomly, unable to do useful work. All energy will still be present, but it will be uniformly distributed and unable to apply a push or pull to anything. b) Heat death of the universe is related to the death of an organism because a dead organism is unable to do work. Energy is still present, but it cannot perform the work that is necessary to keep the organism alive. 1.4 ENZYMESAn enzyme is a biological protein-based catalyst Enzyme nomenclature Enzymes are divided into 6 groups based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. Oxidoreductases Transferases Hydrolases Lyases Isomerases Ligases (synthetases) Enzymes online tutorial Excellent animations: /jwanamaker/animations.htm http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/enzyme.html /sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter8/animations.html# Substrate: the reactant that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chemical reaction The Induced-fit model of enzyme-substrate interaction describes a protein as a dynamic molecule that chan