Microbiology 155 Chapter 1 chsweb155章1 chsweb微生物学.lr.k12.nj.us.pptVIP

Basic Microbiology An Introduction to the World of Microbiology 1. Archaea Archaea – Extremophiles -Very small bacteria that are adapted to extreme conditions Thermophiles- extreme heat Psychrophiles – Cold( ice caps) Halophiles – high concentrations of salt Methanogens – live in a hostile environment and produce methane gas as a by product of their life style Sulfur loving bacteria – live in high concentrations of sulfurous gases 2. Bacteria Eubacteria – True bacteria – Includes environmental bacteria such as nitrogen fixing bacteria and bacteria of decay and decomposition as well as pathogens. Cyanobacteria – Formerly known as blue green algae – small, unicellular algae found in ponds, lakes, streams, and the ocean. Essential to the web of life 3. Eukarya Includes Protozoans Algae Fungi Animals and Plants * Prokaryote cells Are very small and undifferentiated Lack a nuclear membrane Lack cellular organelles like mitochondria Have unique cell walls and cell membranes Have only one circular chromosome Bacterial Growth= Cell Division Binary fission Bacterial cells can be seen with a light microscope or an electron microscope Historical Roots of Microbiology 1660: Robert Hooke (1635-1703) published Micrographia, containing drawings and detailed observations of biological materials made with the best compound microscope and illumination system of the time. 1676: Anton von Leeunhoek (1632-1723) was the first person to observe microorganisms. 1883: Carl Zeiss pioneered developments in microscopy (such as immersion lenses and apochromatic lenses which reduce chromatic aberration) which perist until the present day. 1931: Ernst Rusko -constructed the first electron microscope. 1688: Francesco Redi (1626-1678) was an Italian physician who refuted the idea of spontaneous generation by showing that rotting meat carefully kept from flies will not spontaneously produce maggots. 1836: Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) helped develop the cell theory of living organisms, n