Molecular Geometry and Polarity Academic 分子几何与极性学术性.pptVIP

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Molecular Geometry and Polarity Academic 分子几何与极性学术性.ppt

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Molecular Geometry and Polarity Academic 分子几何与极性学术性

More Molecular Polarity… /~ssinex/polarity/polarity.htm Molecular Geometry and Polarity /MacMolPlt/Surface.JPG Bond Angles in Carbon Compounds electron configuration = 1s22s22p2 If they can, the bond angles should be 90o. But…the bond angles are 109.5o! 2p orbitals with one electron in each. Orbitals with one electron in each will overlap to form single bonds. Can p orbitals with one electron in each find the place where the 3rd p orbital should be? It’s All in the Shape… So what’s going on? Think back to the lab… What is the primary reason molecules form the geometry we find? Electron Pair Repulsion VSEPR Theory Electron groups around the central atom will be most stable when they are as far apart as possible – we call this valence shell electron pair repulsion theory because electrons are negatively charged, they should be most stable when they are separated as much as possible The resulting geometric arrangement will allow us to predict the shapes and bond angles in the molecule Electron-group repulsions and the five basic molecular shapes. linear trigonal planar tetrahedral trigonal bipyramidal octahedral Examples: CS2, HCN, BeF2 Two electron pairs on central atom Electron vs Molecular Geometry The geometry of electron pairs around a central atom is called the electron geometry. The arrangement of bonded nuclei around a central atom forms the molecular geometry. Lone pair electrons on a central atom will repel other pairs but will not be visible in the molecular geometry (no nuclei) If there are lone pairs on the central atom the electron geometry and the molecular geometry will differ. Three electron pairs on central atom Examples: SO3, BF3, NO3-, CO32- Examples: SO2, O3, PbCl2, SnBr2 Four electron pairs on central atom Examples: CH4, SiCl4, SO42-, ClO4- Examples: NH3, PF3, ClO3. H3O+ Examples: H2O, OF2, SCl2 Five electron pairs on central atom Six electron pairs on central atom Representing 3-Dimensional Shapes on a 2-Dimensional Surface One of the pro