Mutations Lakeland Regional High School Overview突变湖区区域高中概述.pptVIP

Mutations A change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information Germ cell mutations Occurs in gametes Do NOT affect the organism but are passed on to offspring Somatic Cell Mutations Occurs in body cells Affects the individual Types of Mutations A. Chromosomal Mutations Occurs during cell division Deletion Loss of all or part of a chromosome Opposite of duplication (segment is repeated Inversion Part of a chromosome becomes oriented in reverse of its usual direction Ex. TAGTAGTAG-- TAGTAGGAT Translocation Part of one chromosome breaks off attaches to another, nonhomologous chromosome Nondisjunction When a pair of homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis Ex. Trisomy 21 – Down Syndrome B. Gene Mutations Results in different proteins being made Point Mutation Involves one nucleotide in DNA sequence being substituted Ex. TAG --- TCG Frameshift Mutation One nucleotide is deleted or inserted, the code is shifted Ex. TAGTAG --- TAGAG TAGTAG --- TAGTAAG Causes of Mutations Mutagens- environmental factors which damage DNA A. Chemicals B. Electromagnetic Radiation (X-rays) C. UV Light