Nutrition营养.pptVIP

Nutrition Bioenergetic strategies Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Adaptations for feeding Hollow tube: mosquito Tentacles Claws teeth Oxidation of foods Proteins: 4kcal/gram Carbohydrates: 4kcal/gram Fat: 9Kcal/gram Kcal = 1,000 calories Laymen terms Kcal called a calorie Evolution Cnidarians and flatworms Gastrovascular cavity: does both: Digestion and distribution Nematode: roundworm Psuedocoelom: fluid filled cavity Hydrostatic skeleton Nutrient/waste circulate Some vocab Peristalsis Sphincter Pancreas: makes most catabolic enzymes. Then dumped into small intestine Gallbladder: stores the enzymes (bile) from liver until dumped Liver: detoxifies (peroxizomes). stores glycogen. Makes bile to break down (emulsify) fats strong regenerate powers Alimentary canal Mouth: teeth Saliva: amylase breaks starches Stomach Pepsinogen to pepsin by acids Pepsin breaks down proteins Small intestine Microvilli. Most nutrients absorbed Bile and other enzymes added Large intestine Most water reabsorbed Symbiosis adaptations Birds: crop: esoph. Pouch w/ bacteria and protists Gizzard: other pouch w/ small rocks to grind food. No teeth. Horses: cecum. Pouch in intestine Ruminants: cattle, sheep Bacteria in stomach that aids in digestion Actually get nutrients from consuming the symbiotic bacteria and protists Homeostasis When blood glucose is high: Insulin secreted from beta cells of pancreas Helps body cells take up glucose Stim storage of gluc. As glycogen in liver and muscles Blood glucose low Pancreas secrete glucagon Break down glycogen in liver and muscles * *