Overview of Chapter 11 wps概述11章 WPS.prenhall.pptVIP

Chapter 8: Physical Growth in Preschool Children 8.1 Physical Growth 8.2 Motor Development 8.3 Health and Wellness 8.4 Child Neglect and Maltreatment 8.1 Physical Growth Body Growth Brain Development Sleep Body Growth Growth slows and is more stable during preschool years Loss of fat and changing proportions Cartilage turns to bone Usually have all 20 primary teeth Brain Development Preschool years a time of rapid growth for brain Synaptic pruning continues Myelinization continues, particularly of the corpus callosum and sensory and motor regions of the brain Brain becomes more specialized Sleep Amount of sleep decreases, including giving up naps around 4 years Bedtime struggles occur nightly in 20-30% of children Some children have sleep disturbances: nightmares, night terrors, sleep walking, and bedwetting 8.2 Motor Development Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills Handedness Gender Differences in Motor Skills Gross Motor Skills Big improvements in running and hopping Improved ability to catch and throw a ball Advanced motor skills lead to unstructured play Fine Motor Skills Improved dexterity leads to more precise and delicate movements Greater fine motor skill means that children can feed and dress themselves Better grip of writing implements means improved drawings Handedness By 2 years, most children show a clear hand preference, 90% are right-handed Left-handed people are more likely to have migraines, allergies, and language-based problems Lefties are more likely to be artistically and spatially talented Gender Differences in Motor Skills Boys tend to be more muscular and more active Boys better at running and throwing Girls tend to be better at balancing, hopping, skipping, and fine motor activities 8.3 Health and Wellness Nutrition Threats to Children’s Development Nutrition Preschoolers need to eat less per kilogram than infants and toddlers Some preschoolers become picky eaters Parents should encourage a well-balanced diet Childhood Obesity in Canada