pH measurements Cornell EngineeringPH值测量康奈尔工程.pptVIP

pH measurements The probe, from chemistry to voltage to a number pH probe Glass membrane (Insulator) pH 4 solution (high H+) Voltage across glass membrane Solution voltage is 180 mV higher than reference! We need a way to measure the solution voltage pH Measurements The porous frit provides electrical contact between the solution and the electrolyte Must be in contact with the sample solution Probe won’t work well if frit is clogged (fouled) The voltage measurement requires a very high __________ circuit (high resistance) because a pH probe can’t produce much current Gentle stirring keeps the solution next to the glass bulb from being depleted of protons Difficult Measurements? pH is difficult to measure in poorly buffered solutions Distilled water Rain Between pKs of dilute buffers Nernst Equation: Voltage = f(pH) Nernst Equation Slope vs. Temperature Temperature compensation is important when temperature changes between samples! pH Calibration It would be possible to make a pH measurement without any calibration Based on theoretical values This is how the software recognizes buffers! Calibration accounts for non-ideal probe behavior (fouling) as well as electronic measurement errors It is important that buffers be used covering the range of pH measurements The Challenge Calibration Cases0 or 1 standards w/ Temperature Multiple Point Calibrations w/ Temperature Compensation How would you use this information to calculate pH? * * Monroe L. Weber-Shirk School of Civil and Environmental Engineering + + V + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Silver/silver chloride electrode Porous reference junction 4 M KCl solution Glass bulb (insulator) with anionic sites + + V Sensing electrode Reference electrode Buffered KCl solution + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +