Plant Hormones Santa Monica College植物激素圣莫尼卡学院.pptVIP

Plant Hormones Plant Hormones Plant Hormones Plant Hormones Plant Hormones Plant Hormones Plant Hormones Plant Hormones Chemical Communication in Plants Plant Communication Plant Communication * How do we know they exist? Why do the shoots grow up, but the roots grow down? Phototropism experiments by Charles and Francis Darwin: Boysen-Jensen’s experiments: Mechanisms of bending: Frits Went discovered the hormone Auxin. Concentration of auxins in different parts of roots and shoots determines growth rates of the cells… Since distribution of auxins is affected by both light and gravity, auxins are involved in plants’ phototropic and gravotropic growth patterns. Major plant hormones and their action: Abscisic acid closing of stomata; seed dormancy Auxins elongation of shoots and roots, gravotropism, phototropism Cytokinins promotion of sprouting of lateral buds Ethylene ripening of fruit Gibberellins germination of seeds and sprouting of buds; elongation of stems; stimulation of flowering; development of fruit Hormones can work with each other to regulate various aspects of plant biology. Here, auxin and cytokinin work together in regulating lateral bud formation… the sprouting of lateral buds depends on the ratio of cytokinin to auxin… Plants use starch-filled organelles called statoliths to detect gravity… this is very similar to how jellyfish detect gravity, and in some ways, it is even similar to how humans keep themselves balanced… A hormone called florigen both stimulates and inhibits flowering. Since flowering is sometimes a function of day length, pigments called phytochromes are involved in “measuring” day length. The ratio of different forms of this pigments change as a function sunlight exposure and can thus be used by the plants to set their “internal biological clocks”. The Venus flytrap catches flies as a source of nitrogen. Insects are attracted to the nectar in the trap, but when they trigger sensory “haris” within the t