Prentice Hall Biology Valhalla High School霍尔生物学瓦尔哈拉中学.pptVIP

Go to Section: The Integumentary and Immune Systems 36–3 The Integumentary System The Skin 1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Skin Cancer Section Outline Section 36-3 Roles of the Skin The skin or integumentary system has four roles It acts as a barrier against infection and injury It helps to regulate body temperature It removes waste products from the body Provides protection against UV radiation from the sun It also serves as a way through which sensations are transmitted to the nervous system Layers of the Skin Made of two main layers Epidermis – outer layer The outer layer consists of dead skin cells The inner layer is made of living cells These undergo rapid cell division, constantly making new cells and pushing older cells to the surface Also contains melanin (pigment) Dermis – contains collagen fibers, blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, smooth muscle and hair follicles Figure 36-13 The Structure of Skin Section 36-3 Disorder of the Integumentary System Skin cancer Excessive exposure to UV radiation can lead to an abnormal growth of cells in the skin Section Outline 40–2 The Immune System A. Nonspecific Defenses 1. First Line of Defense 2. Second Line of Defense B. Specific Defenses 1. Humoral Immunity 2. Cell-Mediated Immunity C. Acquired Immunity 1. Active Immunity Passive Immunity D. Diseases of the Immune System Section 40-2 The Immune System The body’s primary defense mechanism May destroy invaders by engulfing them by special cells or by chemically marking them for destruction and elimination Functions by being able to recognize proteins on the surface of cells It can distinguish between self and non-self The non-self, or invading foreign proteins are referred to as antigens Nonspecific vs. Specific Two types of defense mechanisms Non-specific – physical and chemical barriers 1st line of defense - Keep pathogens out of your body Done by skin, mucous, sweat and tears The secretions contain lysozyme, and enzyme which breaks down the cel