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21 Apr 2002 Crossing Over Genetic Recombination Overview Who, What, When, Where, Why Basics Example Summary Who Does Crossing-Over Effect? Eukaryotes Limited in Prokaryotes What is Crossing Over? The exchange of chromosomal segments between two non- sister chromatids When Does it Happen? During Prophase I of Meiosis Remember the differences between Mitosis and Meiosis? Where does Crossing Over Occur? Genetic swapping occurs between paired homologous chromosomes in our sex cells—The Egg and Sperm Egg and Sperm Chromosomes pair Chromosomes may swap genetic material New genetic material has been acquired from the other homologue NOTE: Genes that have a tendency to remain together during crossing over are said to be linked—we will talk about this concept during Crossing Over Basics Why Does Crossing Over Occur? To provide genetic variation during meiosis Its Why You and I Don’t Look Alike Crossing Over ensures a combination of the maternal and paternal genes we inherited The History of Crossing Over Linkage Gregor Mendel, 1823-1884 Patterns of Inheritance Carl Correns, 1900s Gene Linkage Alfred Sturtevant Crossing Over Basics Crossing Over Basics Occurs at One or More Points Along Adjacent Homologues during Synapsis Points contact each other DNA is Exchanged /images/cross3.jpg Crossing Over Basics Gene Mapping Tracking crossing over helps determine where genes are located on the chromosome Genes that are far apart have a GREATER chance of crossing over Genes that are closer have a LESS LIKELY chance of crossing over Genes that stay together are said to be LINKED One gene can be identified as a MARKER that can infer the presence of the other gene This can be used in identifying disease predisposition Crossing Over Basics Gene Mapping Tracking crossing over helps determine where genes are located on the chromosome Genes that are far apart have a GREATER chance of crossing over Genes that are closer have a LESS LIKELY chance of crossing over Genes get shuffled wh