Rise of Fascism Italy and Germany意大利和德国的崛起.pptxVIP

13.4 Rise of FascismItaly and Germany What is Fascism? Militant political movement that emphasizes loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader Extreme form of nationalism Advocates social Darwinism Glorification of war Italy Rise of Fascism in Italy Italy denied major concessions in Treaty of Versailles Economic troubles led to fear of communism Benito Mussolini gains popularity for anti-socialist views through Fascist Party Mussolini’s Rise to PowerIl Duce Mussolini’s Blackshirts terrorize enemies March on Rome (10/1922) Mussolini and supporters demand change in government King allows Mussolini to form own government to save economy Mussolini’s Economic System Capitalism exists but in service to the state Everything in the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state Labor unions now controlled by the government Authority comes from the top, not amongst the workers Mussolini’s “Dictatorship” OVERALL – Limited power because… Presence of the king No ruthless police state Old conservative power structure remains However… Few voting rights and political choices Government-regulated leisure time Women remain in traditional roles Positives? Electrification and road building Suppression of the Mafia Lateran Pact (1929) – Peace with the Church Vatican City created Church recognizes Italian gov’t Nazi Germany What is Nazism? Nazism = extreme nationalism + racism Rise of Adolf Hitler Becomes leader of Nazi party post-WW1 Unsuccessfully leads Beer Hall Putsch, lands in jail, writes Mein Kampf IDEAS Germans should expand east, need lebensraum Aryans (Germans) are the master race, non-Aryan races are inferior The “Fuhrer” of Germany should have unlimited power Economic Crisis Germany recovers in 1920s, make Hitler look stupid Great Depression wrecks economy Hitler’s Nazis start preaching salvation for German people with their control Nazis become most popular party by 1933 Hitler in Power Hitler named Chancellor in 1933, seeks Nazi majority Reichstag burns