Schedules of Reinforcement UNCW Faculty and Staff 加固的时间表 UNCW教职员工.pptVIP

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Schedules of Reinforcement UNCW Faculty and Staff 加固的时间表 UNCW教职员工.ppt

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Schedules of Reinforcement UNCW Faculty and Staff 加固的时间表 UNCW教职员工

Schedules of Reinforcement CH 17,18,19 Divers of Nassau Diving for coins Success does not follow every attempt Success means reinforcement Intermittent Reinforcement A reinforcer follows the response only once in a while. Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) A reinforcer follows every response. Best used for shaping or maintaining difficult behavior. Schedule of Reinforcement The way reinforcement occurs because of the number of responses, time between responses, and stimulus conditions. Schedules of Reinforcement Ratio Fixed Ratio (FR) Variable Ratio (VR) Interval Fixed Interval (FI) Variable Interval (VI) Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule of Reinforcement A reinforcer follows a fixed number of responses. FR Responding After a response is reinforced, no responding occurs for a period of time, then responding occurs at a high, steady rate until the next reinforcer is delivered. Postreinforcement Pause (PRP) The name for the pause after the consumption of the reinforcer and before the next ratio of responses begins. FR PRP Length of the pause is proportional to the size of the ratio. Small ratio – pausing is short Large ratio – pausing is long General Rule for establishing intermittently reinforced behavior:First use CRF and gradually increase the intermittency of reinforcement as responding stabilizes at a high rate. FR120 What are the response requirements? When will reinforcement be delivered? What will the pattern of responding look like? Cumulative Graph for FR Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule A reinforcer follows after a variable number of responses VR Responding VR schedules produce a high, constant rate of responding, with almost no postreinforcement pausing. VR 50 VR 50 Schedule notation Number designates the average number of responses required for reinforcement How do typical schedules of reinforcement differ from gambling? See pages 290-291 Skinner Box vs. 1 Armed Bandit Time Dependent Schedules Fixed Interval (FI) Variable Interval (VI) FI Schedule of Reinforcement A