Social Research Methods Qualitative and Quantitative社会研究方法定性与定量.pptVIP

Copyright ?2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright ?2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 3: Theory and Research MAN-10 Research Methods Instructor Erlan Bakiev, Ph.D. Parsimony Keep It Simple Silly Theory vs. Ideology Certainty of answers Type of knowledge system differs Type of assumptions differ Use of normative statements differ Use of evidence differs Demand for logical consistency differs Transparency differs Theory Conditional Uncertainty Expanding Rigorously tested Empirical evidence Neutral Logical Ideology Absolute Fixed Avoids tests Partial Contradictory Circular Theory vs. Ideology Theory vs. Ideology Example - Divorce Theory Family are strongest when they have resources (income, education, housing, maturity, respect etc.) and low stress (constant employment, happy marriage, good health, etc). Ideology Society is facing a moral decay leading to divorce, women working outside the home, and loss of the “traditional family” Parts of a Theory1) Assumptions Assumptions Parts of a Theory2) Concepts Theoretical concept Symbol Definition Jargon Level of abstraction Parts of a Theory2) Concepts Single vs. concept clusters Concept clusters Simple vs. complex concepts Concept classification Ideal type Typology Scope Parts of a Theory2) Concepts Parts of a Theory2) Concepts Parts of a Theory3) Relationships Kinds of relationships Positive Negative Interaction effect Contingent relationship Propositions Hypothesis Parts of a Theory4) Units of Analysis Individual Group Organization Region Country Aspects of Theory1) Direction of Theorizing Deductive Inductive Aspects of Theory2) Level of Analysis Micro-level theory Macro-level theory Meso-level theory Aspects of Theory3) Focus of Theory Substantive theory Formal theory Aspects of Theory4) Forms of Explanation Theoretical explanation Prediction Aspects of Theory4) Forms of Explanation Causal explanation Temporal