The Enlightenment, British Government, The 启蒙英国政府和.pptVIP

The Enlightenment, British Government, The American Revolution The Glorious Revolution of 1688 King James II of England overthrown by William and Mary Peaceful revolution- James split to France A.K.A. “The Bloodless Revolution” Results of Glorious Revolution English Bill of Rights- 1689 CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY: Listed what a ruler could not do Limited power of the monarchy (king/queen) Individual rights protected- due process of law England’s Limited Democracy Monarch’s power was balanced by power of the cabinet and parliament Cabinet- executive committee that linked the king and Parliament Parliament- made up by House of Lords (hereditary) and House of Commons (elected) Prime minister- head of majority party in Parliament Each had to answer to one another, no single authority Britain built a worldwide empire Wealthy merchants and businessmen dominated British government The best way to make $$$ was colonies Why colonies? Land, Raw Materials, Trade, Power British world empire North America- Early 1700s British Colonization The British took control of North America after French and Indian War (a.k.a. Seven Year’s War 1756-163) Question: Why did Britain want to maintain control over the colonies? Answer: To make a profit through trade and gain land The American Colonies Question: What did the British do to ensure a profit from their American colonies? Answer: Taxes, Taxes, Taxes! Trade only with British merchants and no other countries, called mercantilism The Colonist Reaction- What did they do? Rebel, Rebel, Rebel Before you have a rebellion, what do you need? Motivation, Ideas, Leaders!!! Boston tea party The American Revolution- 1776 Question: Upon whose Enlightenment ideas did the colonists base their actions for revolution? Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Wrote: Leviathan People naturally wicked Social contract Absolute monarchy is best gov’t “humans are driven by a perpetual and restless desire for power that ceases only in death.” John Locke (1632-17