The Hall Effect Wikispaces霍尔 wiki空间.pptVIP

The Hall Effect AP Physics Montwood High School R.Casao When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a voltage is generated in a direction perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. The Hall Effect results from the deflection of the charge carriers to one side of the conductor as a result of the magnetic force experienced by the charge carriers. The arrangement for observing the Hall Effect consists of a flat conducting strip carrying a current I in the x-direction. A uniform magnetic field B is applied in the y-direction. If the charge carriers are electrons moving in the negative x-direction with a velocity vd, they will experience an upward magnetic force FB. The electrons will be deflected upward, making the upper edge negatively charged and the lower edge positively charged. The accumulation of charge at the edges continues until the electric field and the resulting electric force set up by the charge separation balances the magnetic force on the charge carriers (Fmag = Felectric). When equilibrium is reached, the electrons are no longer deflected upward. A voltmeter connected across the conductor can be used to measure the potential difference across the conductor, known as the Hall voltage VH. When the charge carriers are positive, the charges experience an upward magnetic force q·(v x B). The upper edge of the conductor becomes positively charged, leaving the bottom of the conductor negatively charged. The sign of the Hall voltage generated is opposite the sign of the Hall voltage resulting from the deflection of electrons. The sign of the charge carriers can be determined from the polarity of the Hall voltage. When equilibrium is reached between the electric force q·E and the magnetic force q·vd·B, the electric field produced between the positive and negative charges is referred to as the Hall field, EH, therefore, q·EH = q·vd·B. EH = vd·B If d is taken to be the width of the conductor, then the Hall voltage