The Human Body in Health and Illness myteacherpages在健康和疾病的人体myteacherpages.pptVIP

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The Human Body in Health and Illness myteacherpages在健康和疾病的人体myteacherpages.ppt

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The Human Body in Health and Illness myteacherpages在健康和疾病的人体myteacherpages

Diaphragm Innervated (supplied with nerves) by phrenic nerve (C3-C5); if this nerve is severed, ventilation stops Intercostal muscles Innervated by intercostal nerves RESPIRATORY MUSCLES AND NERVES * Lungs O2 moves into blood from alveoli. CO2 moves into alveoli from blood. Tissue O2 moves from blood to tissue. CO2 moves from tissue to blood. * GAS EXCHANGE: LUNGS AND TISSUE Medulla oblongata: fires rhythmically and stimulates the phrenic and intercostal nerves primary control center for respirations Inspiratory neurons Expiratory neurons Pons Pco2 (carbon dioxide) major regulator. Chemoreceptors: regulate the rate and depth of respiration Central (CNS) Peripheral: Carotid bodies (The carotid body functions as a sensor: it responds to a stimulus, primarily O2 partial pressure), aortic bodies (It measures changes in blood pressure and the composition of arterial blood flowing past it, including the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide) Nervous Chemical * CONTROL OF RESPIRATION Eupnea: Normal, quiet breathing Apnea: Temporary cessation of breathing Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing Tachypnea: Rapid breathing Bradypnea: Abnormally slow breathing Orthopnea: Difficulty in breathing relieved by sitting up COMMON RESPIRATORY TERMS * Hyperventilation: Increase in rate and depth Hypoventilation: Decrease in rate and depth Hypoxemia: Abnormally low concentration of O2 in the blood Hypercapnia: Abnormally high concentration of CO2 in the blood Hypocapnia: Abnormally low concentration of CO2 in the blood COMMON RESPIRATORY TERMS (CONT’D.) * The alveoli form the terminal end of the respiratory tract. The purpose of the entire respiratory system is to move air to the alveoli so that gas exchange can occur with the capillaries. A tracheoesophageal (TE) fistula is an opening between the trachea and esophagus found in some newborns. It must be corrected with surgery to prevent aspiration, severe respiratory distress, and death. F.Y.I * * * * Can you give exa