The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 18651877重建的考验18651877.pptVIP

Ch. 22 Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877 Theme: Johnson’s political blunders and Southern white recalcitrance led to the imposition of congressional military Reconstruction on the South. Reconstruction did address difficult issues of reform and racial justice in the South and achieved some successes, but was ultimately abandoned, leaving a deep legacy of racial and sectional bitterness. Theme: During Reconstruction, the Constitution was strengthened with the Fourteenth (citizenship and equal protection of the laws) and Fifteenth black voting rights) Amendments, but it was also tested with the conflicts between the President and Congress that culminated in a n impeachment process. Theme: Southern resistance to Reconstruction began immediately with the sending of ex-rebels to be seated in Congress and continued with the creation of violently oppressive groups like the Ku Klux Kan. Although forced to make some concessions, Southern “ Redeemers” successfully outlasted the Congressional Reconstruction efforts. I. Conditions after the Civil War The country was a singular nation now. New political and economic centers—all in north/west Stronger federal government Rebuilding the South Economic ruins Impact of Emancipation on southern life Federal Intervention Scalawags/Carpetbaggers 13th Amendment Freedman’s Bureau Republicans lead the North President Johnson is new leader Stronger alliance between business and govt. Motivated by racism (of black free man) and revenge (of Democrats) II. Presidential Reconstruction: A Moderate Approach Lincoln’s 10% Plan 10% of voters in 1860 election, obey emancipation, and state. Response of GOP: Wade Davis Bill, 1866 50%, Iron-clad Oath, constitutional convention, and Feds OK otherwise “conquered provinces” Revealed differences between Congress and Johnson Also revealed early split in GOP Johnson’s Plan Similar to Lincoln Disenfranchised some whites, pardons others, and state conventions with 13th. Veto Freedman Bureau, 1866 III.